I suspect there will be two nations on the lovely west coast - Cascadia in the north, stretching along the coast from southern Alaska down through Oregon's Willamette valley (and into Redwood country beyond), and expanding inland to fill the Columbia River basin of eastern Washington. To the south, The Bear Republic of former California fills the central valley and southwards almost to LA - the LA basin and southlands in general, of course, are a blasted wasteland extension of the mojave desert. (But seriously, the good people of Deseret are not going to continue pouring the heartblood of the Colorado river in to California, and that's going to cause Problems for LA.)

Cascadia tucks really nicely into the corner of Deseret, by your map - there's a diverse economy, too, from the techno-industrial heartland of the Salish Sea ports to the rolling wheat fields of the Palouse. The nation's power sources are sustainable, massive hydro-electric facilities on the Columbia river and wind turbines dotting the coast and highlands. I'm not entirely sure what your future chronology looks like, but they're probably still very upset with Washington DC for not cleaning up the Hanford site, trying to declare themselves the "State of Washington", and probably beating them out in the final Superbowl before the United States fractured.

The city-state of Newer York will probably exist for as long as there is a global economy - they're probably going to take reasonable chunks of Connecticut and New Jersey with them.

We all know about Cascaida (or whatever they're calling themselves), right? The breakaway state that forms out of Western Oregon, Western Washigton, and the bits of British Columbia at the very least after a political collapse in every near-future balkanized US? Full of granola-munching hippies? Yeah, so that's a good starting point, but too dang obvious. How about?

1) The Cascadian Protectorate and/or Expanded Cascadia. So, the Cascadians got into a war with someone, and realized that they should have, like, you know, an army or something. And they kind of went a bit overboard with the military and war thing and went on a conquering spree. Either south down the west coast of California to reclaim the usual liberal strongholds of SF and so on or up through Canada. Either way, you have a country that will impose modern liberal social democracy by any means necessary. There is a non-zero chance of a military junta in this scenario. (Political structure in non-core Cascadia is something you'd have to define.) Border clashes with Deseret are optional.

2) The Cascadian Union. It turns out that hippies don't always form nice cohesive political units. (Or someone got way too hopped up on the idea of local democratic control.) You end up with a large collection of city-states that share a culture and basically do their own thing. The central government of the Union still does stuff, but it's rather Articles of Confederation-y. Central laws tend to be passed by constitutional amendment referendum, if at all.

I can also throw some slightly less crazy suggestions out for Central Europe.

1) Russia goes on an empire-forming rampage. Boring.

2) Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth is back! And maybe also includes the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and some other places. Low-key ethnic tensions remain an ongoing problem, but things are doing ok?

3) The Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) join in on whatever's going on in the far north.

4) Mongol invasion 2. Russia is a bit screwed. History is repeating itself with an alliance holding back the hordes somewhere in East-Central Europe. Or b) The countries that would have formed an alliance (Poland, western Ukraine, Hungary, etc.) have developed a case of nationalism and are still doing the thing, but with more internal conflict and a tense diplomatic situation.

5) Papal States v2. If the Etruscans aren't big fans of the Pope, the Papacy has probably run for it. They might have gone and set up shop somewhere in the really Catholic bits of Europe and re-formed the Papal States there because why not? (Well, mostly to fend off other upstart countries.) Which leads to

6) Orthodox League. It's ... pretty much what it sounds like, and contains most of the land area you'd expect it to. Remaining minor theological disputes have been ... resolved. Westward military expansion aimed at spreading the true faith (tm) optional.

7) And for another lazy historical callback, just balkanize the place. There's bound to be some interestingly obscure lines to cut on. (The western border of what used to be the Russian Partition is probably a reasonably cutting point for Poland specifically. It might swallow up some other stuff)

- This has been speculation by someone who has no business engaging in it. Use at your own risk.

(Like Yoda, shall I speak!)
If you want to be optimistic, you can always make Israel finally achieve peace with the Palestinians and Arabs. If you want to be pessimistic, you can have a nationalist Israel stretching from the Nile to the Euphrates because the rest of the Middle Eastern states kinda went in the way of Iraq and Syria.

It's still a draft sitting in google docs - I didn't get it to the point that I'd want to chuck at co-writers, a coherent narrative structure really wasn't appearing. So I'll backburner it for a while and think about it while I write other things.