Subject: *butts in* Ooh, allow me to speak of paragraphing.
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Posted on: 2014-10-08 19:30:00 UTC

First of all, you need to use a double line-break between paragraphs all the time. That's hitting "Enter" twice. That's the easy part.

When to start a new paragraph is a tricky questions, and there are very few concrete rules about it. You're correct that you need a new paragraph when a new person speaks, but beyond that, it can get pretty fuzzy, especially in fiction.

However, I have some tips:

1. Start a new paragraph when a new person does something, including but not limited to speaking. This is especially helpful in dialogue passages. We communicate with body language, not just words, so a silent facial expression or gesture in response to someone's speech counts as a line of dialogue. This is even more helpful when you've got two characters of the same gender in the scene. If everybody sticks to their own paragraphs, it's harder to confuse which of two hes or shes you're talking about and you don't have to belabor their names as much.

1.5. No, you don't have to strictly adhere to this all the time.

2. Paragraphs are used in formal writing to set off different ideas, and this more or less works for fiction, too. Each paragraph should contain a complete thought, whether it's one sentence or more. Especially long thoughts should be broken up into smaller paragraphs (each containing a piece of the thought) to save your readers' eyes, though.

3. As for what constitutes a "thought," consider the function of the passage you're writing. Is it dialogue, action, description, exposition...? Consider using a new paragraph when you switch functions or to a new subject of the same function. (I.e., as you would use a new paragraph for a new speaker, use a new paragraph for each step of the action, each new thing you describe, each new thing exposited, etc.)

4. Write things in the order they happen. This isn't strictly a paragraphing rule, but it helps to remember that actions should come before reactions. You can, of course, play with this—your POV character may not be privy to the action that caused the reaction, or you may want to write the reaction first for comedic effect. But always know what happened in what order, and that'll help your paragraphing.

~Neshomeh will shut up and go run errands now.

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